Preface

Information and communication technology (ICT) has become an indispensable tool in the fight against world poverty. ICT provides developing nations with an unprecedented opportunity to meet vital development goals such as poverty reduction, basic healthcare and education far more effectively than before. Those nations that succeed in harnessing the potential of ICT can look forward to greatly expanded economic growth, dramatically improved human welfare and stronger forms of democratic government.

Some direct and indirect advantages of ICT:

• Improves information access.
• Improves educational and health program.
• Extend geographical reach.
• Increased competition.
• Investment growth.
• New trade opportunities.
• Lower prices.
• Facilities market entry, especially for SMEs.
• New sources of revenue.

ICT appears to be an essential component of development initiatives and can act as a powerful overall enable of development. If every country approach the ICT sector with the same kind of urgency and application as the commercial sector, then they will have every chance of building a strong world, new wired future that not only includes the world’s poor but gives them an unprecedented opportunity to lift themselves out of poverty.

The scale of the ICT challenge is immense. Despite the forces of market liberalization and globalization and efforts at public policy reform, the goal of achieving universal access to ICT and global information infrastructure has remained elusive, and the disparity in access to ICT is growing.

A unique willingness should be exists among all partners – promoted by the government – and stake-holders, including companies, foundations, non-government organization (NGOs) and multilateral organization to work together to eradicate digital inequity among all segment of community, in particularly rich and poor people.

A strong ICT plan must be developed the entire world to reduce the ICT disparity. The e-readiness condition in every country is different. The major problem of developed world is related to privacy, Intellectual Property Rights (IPR), security etc. However, the primary concern of developing world are pricing, regulation, content, know-how and awareness. Every country has to make self-assessment in order they can develop the right ICT plan. A comprehensive self-assessment tool can figure out the e-readiness condition.

ICT development plan must start with knowing what assets and capabilities do the country have and what must be done to leverage these advantages. The plan also should identify what must be acquired in order to improve level of e-readiness. Therefore a framework for analyzing and determining a level of e-readiness is a basic before drawing up a plan for ICT.

Self Assessment for E-readiness

Rather than starting from scratch, an analytical framework for calculating a country’s IT capability developed by Peter Wolcott (University of Nebraska), Seymour Goodman (University of Arizona) and Grey Burkhart will be adopted for the self-assessment tools as a model for evaluating a country’s e-readiness. This studies however does not provide questionnaire for assessment, rather they rely on qualitative judgment for scoring. What we are developing here is list of question combining qualitative and quantitative data to aid assessment.

Basically, the objective of assessment is to determine level of e-readiness which later could assist policy maker and other concerned parties to improve it. We simply divide the level into the following:

Basic country

Basic infrastructure for ICT is available. However usage of ICT are still minimal and need more initiatives to spur them.

Developing country

Usage of ICT has been widely adopted. The priority is defining supporting regulation and law to stimulate further growth of ICT. Also more optimization of ICT resources and infrastructure are required.

Advanced country

People have been adopting ICT as part of their daily life. They are also demanding more features and finding creative ways to explore ICT. Countries at this level should become role model and lend assistance to countries at the previous two levels.

Analytical framework

Many factors are contributing to country level of e-readiness. These were also made complex by inter dependencies between each factors. Economic indicators and welfare is still major driving factors behind e-readiness. However with the free flow of information and global trade, other factors such as cultural and human resources play more crucial role. As countries become more advance in e-readiness, some factors positively feedback and influence shifting of importance of other factors like regulation and government intervention.

Considering various factors above and complex relationship between them, we group each of them in categories. Within each category, several parameters will determine score of particular category. Simple averaging of scores determines the total score for each category. Later, categories become axis in radar chart and score is plotted along its axis with 0 (zero) in the center. Pattern on radar chart of all categories will be used to approximate e-readiness of the country.

This analytical formula evaluate the e-readiness condition from 5 categories:

1. Proximity to technological frontier
2. Depth of development
3. Sophistication of use
4. Pervasiveness
5. Indigenization

Each of these categories is described below:

Proximity to technological frontier

Level 0: (Non-existent)

The technology does not exist in this country and therefore is immeasurably far from the technological frontier.

Level 1: (Obsolete)

Technology is several generations behind the worldwide state of the art. While it may be functional, it is only marginally so, posing significant maintenance and operational challenges due to the length of time in service and/or changes in the environment of its use to which the technology cannot be adapted. The technology may be viewed as a constraint rather than as an enabler.

Level 2: (Non-competitive)

The technology represents a previous generation, but may still have useful applications. This level also includes current generation, or near-current, technology that is not internationally competitive, possibly for reasons related to weakness in technological features, quality, cost or level of services. Frequently, the output of protected domestic industries fall into this category. Examples: IBM PC XT, AT, 286, 386; Indian Param High Performance Computing System, Soviet mainframes.

Level 3: (Competitive)

The technology used is internationally competitive technology, although not defining the state of the art. Such technology is usually mature, and may have been superseded by more recent models. It is sometimes referred to as “the business state of the art”, reflecting the common business practice of adopting technology not when it is first introduced, but after the technology has stabilized and the performance/ price ratios have improved.

Level 4: (Leading)

The technology defines the state-of-art. It is usually the product of extensive R&D efforts. Those adopting the technology are considered “early adopters” and are willing to endure a significant amount of inconvenience due to the relative immaturity of the technology. Although the technology might require hand holding from vendor, it is more than “research in progress”.

Depth of Development

Level 0: (Consuming)

No development takes place in the country. Technology, when present, is imported as a finished product.

Level 1: (Assembling)

Development consists of simple assembly. Little or no process or product innovation takes place. At this level, there is no unsophisticated development.

Level 2: (Adapting)

Moderately sophisticated development is done with significant amount of external assistance, perhaps via licensing agreements. Work may be done to adapt the technology to local conditions.

Level 3: (Advancing)

Domestic firms are actively involved in advancing the relative state of the art in some, although not necessarily all, stages of development. There are efforts to improve the product or processes related to its development, even if those products or processes are not considered worldwide state of the art.

Level 4: (Comprehensive)

Basic research, applied research, design and development, process innovation, and also final production are carried out within the country. Supporting technologies and service also often originate within country. Some stages may be outsourced, but for economic, rather than technical reasons.

Sophistication of Use

Level 0: (No at all)

The technology is not used.

Level 1: (Assisted)

User community struggles to employ technology in conventional, mainstream applications and requires significant foreign assistance our outside pressure to do so. Users may desire the technology, but may resist the changes to established practices that are needed to take advantage of the technology. Users to not push the boundaries of the technology’s capabilities, nor does the technology significantly change the way they go about their activities.  Without outside pressure to use it, the technology will fall into disuse.

Level 2: (Conventional)

Usage is limited to conventional, mainstream applications. The user community may change established practices somewhat in response to the technology or to accommodate the technology, but only little innovation is done. Few established processes are changed dramatically. Using technology to automate, but not fundamentally alter. Usage does not push the boundaries of the technology’s capabilities.

Level 3: (Innovating)

The user community’s use of the technology may result in new applications or significant changes in existing process and practices although these innovations may no necessarily stretch the boundaries of the technology’s capabilities. Users may also take advantages of some of the more advanced features of a technology and taking full advantage of its capabilities.

Level 4: (Transforming)

The user community is discriminating and highly demanding. The user community is regularly applying or seeking to apply the technology in innovative ways that push the capabilities of the technology. Existing processes are regularly transformed to prepare for the new technologies. The user community may play a significant role in driving the local state of the art and may have a mutually beneficial and synergistic relationship with the developers.

Pervasiveness

Level 0: (Non existent)

Technology does not exist in a viable form.

Level 1: (Entrant)

Experimental or isolated examples of the technology exist. This may reflect the first instances of the technology to appear within the country or a greatly reduced level of activity. The supporting infrastructure of goods, services, and complementary industries is very underdeveloped.

Level 2: (Established)

The technology is used by a small number of users, but is not considered unique. Experience with the technology is accumulating. The infrastructure of goods and services needed to support broad penetration of the technology.

Level 3: (Common)

The technology has been adopted by a significant fraction of potential users within the country. The infrastructure of supporting and related goods and services has become well established, although is not necessarily extensive.

Level 4: (Pervasive)

The technology is pervasive. Its absence is more noteworthy than its presence. The number of first time adopters of the technology is quite small. The supporting infrastructure and related good and services are well extensive.

Indigenization

Level 0: (Observing)

There is no involvement by nationals. Operation, maintenance, use and adaptation of technology performed by foreign personnel. The only personnel involved with the technology are foreign employees of the corporation.

Level 1: (Operating)

National personnel may use and operate the technology, but foreigners perform installation, maintenance, support, development and adaptation.

Level 2: (Supporting)

Indigenous personnel are significantly involved in the technology’s operation and use, and also perform many of the routine tasks, including routine maintenance. Foreign personnel largely install technology and are involved in non-routine servicing and up grading technology.

Level 3: (Managing)

Indigenous personnel largely perform installation, use, operation, maintenance, management and adaptation of the technology. However, foreign experts continue to provide key knowledge and services in selected areas.

Level 4: (Mastering)

Completely indigenous activity. Indigenous personnel are involved in, and have mastered in all aspects of installation, operation, development, management, use, adaptation and even innovation of the technology.

The radar chart with axis representing each categories is described in figure 1 below.

Figure 1 . Radar chart with axis representing each category in assessment

E-Leadership

Government has many vital roles in society including assuring stability, peace, equity and justice. Government’s most important task in increasing E-readiness is to create an environment that encourages private sector action, while protecting customers. E- leadership addresses the scope and nature of government and industry efforts to promote the networked world within a country and to promote the country as a regional or global center in the networked world. Key elements include:

• Priority given by government to promoting development of an e-society on a national level.
• Extent of demonstrated progress on e-government, including efforts to automate governmental processes, offer services to business and citizens electronically, and create national portals.
• Quality of partnerships between industry leaders and government to improve e-readiness.
• Level of effort to promote access for all citizens.

The existing business environment and government’s role in the national digital economy shapes the quality of e-leadership needed in any particular country.

In every country, a relationship of trust, accountability, and predictability between public and private sectors is essential. For nations with a laissez-faire, market oriented economy where the government does not itself dominate the economy or the provision of communication services, staying out of the way of market forces, except to protect consumers, is the first priority. The second essential activity in these cases is for government to transform its own operations using the power of ICTs to decrease costs and improve service.

For nation where government remains predominant, the first task is to create an environment in which the ICT industry can thrive and take its place in the world marketplace-thus attracting capital and expertise. The second task the same as for countries in the first group. Without the injection of ICT into the core of government operations, policy makers will neither understand what the technology can do nor appreciate the kind of light-handed regulation that the volatility of technology demands.

E-leadership will continue to grow in importance as competition among countries intensifies, as will the need for environments and official that welcome creative public-private partnerships.

Assessment of E-leadership

The assessment will focus on three aspects described below.

• E-government readiness; evaluating the initiatives of government official in disseminating ICT. Also status of governmental process automation in the country.
• Law and order; evaluate laws which supportive for ICT development as well as protecting customer in conducting business over ICT infrastructure.
• Education and investment climate; evaluate education sectors which provide human resource capable of managing ICT infrastructure. Also assess the business climate as ultimately participation of private sectors in ICT is mandatory.

Assessment Result

Although it is tempting to produce a single index number to determine e-readiness level as a result of this assessment, we are trying to avoid it. Therefore what we propose is that we collect result from various countries which participate in this survey. Next, based on the result, we can compose and statistically grouping various countries. These grouping and their radar chart pattern will be presented to expert group or task force of NAM CSSTC. They will collectively agreed on pattern which represent each level of e-readiness.

Further as we try out the assessment for Indonesia, we find that ICT can actually be represented by two broad sectors, namely telecomm infrastructure and information technology. Therefore we propose that we will look at these two sector separately rather than combining them.

Special section of the assessment also allocated for e-leadership. This was done based on the discussion of second expert group meeting which recognized the importance of government role in leading the e-readiness of developing country whereby the government is still predominant over business environment.

The last chapter of this document provides example of assessment for Indonesia. As described above the results are basically three parts. The first one is telecomm infrastructure and close related in second part is information technology. The last one is e-leadership which would support e-readiness in the previous two sectors.

Questionnaire for Self Assessment

Questions are grouped for each category and also divided for telecomm infrastructure and information technology part. However on some category the questions are applicable for both part so there is no separation. Note again that some questions are qualitative while some are based on number or level. Scoring method for each part are provided after list of question. To illustrate further, a case study for Indonesia is provided as well.

List of Questions

I. Proximity

I.1. Telecommunication Infrastructure

1. Please identify the digital wireline telecommunications system available in your country until this year: (please select more than one if applicable)

a. Intelligent Network (IN) and Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN)

b. Fully  Automatic and Digital Switching System

c. Less than 50 % are Digital Switching System

d. Fully Analog Switching System  

2. Please identify the Optical Fiber Network available in your country until this year: (please select more than one if applicable)

a. Optical fiber network for Information Super Highway (ISH)

b. Optical fiber network for buildings in business city

c. Optical fiber network for backbone transmission

d. No optical fiber network available

3. Please identify the mobile cellular telecommunications system available in your country until this year: (please select more than one if applicable)

a. GPRS

b. GSM or D-AMPS

c. AMPS analog

d. No Cellular System available yet

4. Have your country released a license for 3G Mobile Operator?

a. Yes, some winners have already been announced.

b. Our Government plans to have a 3G bidding by 2004

c. GSM or D-AMPS system is still growing in our country

d. I don’t have any information yet.

5. Do you have satellite system to cover wide area across your country?

a. Yes, we have already had satellite system for more than 20 years

b. Yes, we have just had our own satellite system

c. We have satellite communication network, but we rent it from other country.

d. No, we don’t need satellite system at all.

6. Every time Nokia and Ericsson release a new cellular-phone product, how soon will it be available in the domestic market?

a. Less than 1 month

b. Between 1 – 6 months

c. More than 6 months

d. No mobile system available

7. The biggest segment of cellular-phone users in your country is :

a. Teenagers and students

b. Young professionals

c. Executives and mature professionals, because it’s expensive.

d. Very limited number of cellular-phone owner

8. What is the most demanded telecommunication service in your country?

a. People browse the Internet more than 4 hours a day

b. People use cellular-phone more frequent than regular phone

c. People sometimes goes to telephone-kiosk to have a phone conversation

d. Telephone-kiosk is not available in my surroundings.

 I.2. Information Technology

9. Please identify the Internet access available in your country until this year: (please select more than one if applicable)

a. ADSL

b. ISDN connection

c. Dial-up modem

d. No Internet connection available

10. Are you satisfied with your Internet connection?

a. Yes, because I have ADSL in my home.

b. Yes, my dial-up modem satisfies me.

c. I have bad dial-up connection in my home

d. No Internet connection available

11. How many people are connected to the Internet?

a. More than 50 %

b. Most every family has Internet connection

c. Only educated people surf the Internet from tele-center

d. Internet is not popular in my country

12. How is PC price in your country?

a. People considers branded-PC is affordable, but not every people demands it

b. Branded-PC is demanded and the sales keeps growing

c. Non-branded PC is very popular in my country

d. Old-fashioned PC (486, P1) is still popular

II. Depth of Development

II.1. Intellectual Property Right (IPR)

1. Do the people in your country concern about IPR?

a. More than 75 %.

b. Around 50 %

c. Less than 50 %

d. No

2. Is there any problem related to IPR in your country?

a. Yes, very frequent

b. Yes, frequent

c. Yes, only few

d. No at all

3. Does the government endorse the protection on IPR?

a. Yes, well implemented, including the punishment

b. Yes, partly implemented

c. Being discussed

d. No

4. Is there any law(s) which legislate the IPR issue?

a. Yes, well implemented, including the punishment

b. Yes, partly implemented

c. Being processed

d. No

If answer number 4 is “Yes”:

5. Does the IPR protection law stimulate the penetration of particular product/service?

a. Yes, very stimulating

b. Yes, fairly stimulating

c. Yes, only few, but not significant

d. Not at all

6. Does the IPR protection law stimulate the investment, especially from foreign direct investment (FDI)?

a. Yes, very stimulating

b. Yes, fairly stimulating

c. Yes, only few, but not significant

d. Not at all  

II.2. Patent

7. Do people in your country concern about patent?

a. More than 75 %.

b. Around 50 %

c. Less than 50 %

d. No.

8. Is there any problem related to patent in your country?

a. Yes, very frequent

b. Yes, frequent

c. Yes, only few

d. No at all

9. Does the government endorse the protection on patent?

a. Yes, well implemented, including the punishment

b. Yes, partly implemented

c. Being discussed

d. No

10. Is there any law(s) which legislate the patent issue?

a. Yes, well implemented, including the punishment

b. Yes, partly implemented

c. Being processed

d. No

If answer number 10 is “Yes”:

11. Does the patent protection law stimulate the penetration of particular product/service?

a. Yes, very stimulating

b. Yes, fairly stimulating

c. Yes, only few, but not significant

d. Not at all

12. Does the patent protection law stimulate the investment, especially from foreign direct investment (FDI)?

a. Yes, very stimulating

b. Yes, fairly stimulating

c. Yes, only few, but not significant

d. Not at all  

II.3. Tax Policy

13. Does the government support the industry to do its own research & development (R&D)?

a. Yes, very supporting

b. Yes, fairly supporting

c. Yes, only few

d. Not at all

14. Is there any incentive and/or sanction given by the government to stimulate the    R&D?

a. Yes, very implemented

b. Yes, partly implemented

c. Being discussed

d. No

15. Is the import duty on components (parts) fair enough to stimulate the development of R&D?

a. Yes, very stimulating

b. Yes, fairly stimulating

c. Being discussed

d. No

16. Is the tax of revenue fair enough to stimulate the development of R&D?

a. Yes, very stimulating

b. Yes, fairly stimulating

c. Being discussed

d. No  

II.4. Human Resource

17. Is the number of skilled employee in your country sufficient to support the R&D?

a. Very sufficient

b. Fairly sufficient

c. Below the demand

d. Not at all

18. Does the culture & working culture in ICT industry in your country support the R&D?

a. Very supportive

b. Fairly supportive

c. Not too supportive

d. Not at all

19. Has the education system in your country already supported the R&D?

a. Very supportive

b. Fairly supportive

c. Not too supportive

d. Not at all

20. Does the government in your country require the transfer of knowledge from foreign expertise to local employee?

a. Yes, very implemented, including the sanction

b. Yes, partly implemented, without monitoring

c. Being discussed

d. No

21. Does the government in your country support the production development of local contents?

a. Yes, very supporting

b. Yes, fairly supporting

c. Yes, only few

d. Not at all

II.5. Regulation (entry barrier & foreign direct investment (FDI))

22. What is the level of competition of ICT services in your country?

a. Full Competition

b. Partial competition

c. Oligopoly

d. Monopoly

23. What is the level of competition of ICT manufactures in your country?

a. Full Competition

b. Partial competition

c. Oligopoly

d. Monopoly

24. Is the business environment in your country support the condition of perfect competition?

a. Yes, very supporting

b. Yes, fairly supporting

c. Yes, only few

d. Not at all

25. What kind of dominant entry barrier in your country in term of attracting new investors?

a. No barrier

b. Tariff barrier

c. Non-tariff barrier

d. Tariff & non-tariff barrier

26. Does the political stability in your country support the increase of foreign direct investment (FDI)?

a. Yes, very supporting

b. Yes, fairly supporting

c. Yes, only few

d. Not at all

27. Does the economical stability in your country support the increase of foreign direct investment (FDI)?

a. Yes, very supporting

b. Yes, fairly supporting

c. Yes, only few

d. Not at all

28. Is the procedure & regulation to get operational license in your country transparent & equal enough for all kind of investors?

a. Very transparent & equal

b. Partly transparent & equal

c. Transparent, but not equal

d. Not transparent & equal at all

29. Is the procedure & regulation to allocate natural resources in your country transparent & equal enough for all kind of investors?

a. Very transparent & equal

e. Partly transparent & equal

b. Transparent, but not equal

c. Not transparent & equal at all

30. Is the procedure & regulation on custom clearance in your country transparent & equal enough for all kind of investors?

a. Very transparent & equal

b. Partly transparent & equal

c. Transparent, but not equal

d. Not transparent & equal at all

31.  Is arbitrage law to resolve disputes in your country transparent & equal enough for all kind of investors?

a. Very transparent & equal

b. Partly transparent & equal

c. Transparent, but not equal

d. Not transparent & equal at all

III. Sophistication of use

III.1. Telecommunication

Fixed line telephone

1. Which of the following voice value added services is available: (Please select more than one)

a. Call center

b. Prepaid calling card (domestic, long distance, international)

c. Toll free services (1-800 in US) and/or Premium call (1-900 in US)

d. Features such as call forwarding, call waiting, voice mail and three party (conference call)

2. How is the acceptance of customer on those services:

a. Users are creative and demanding more of the features

b. Advanced user are using it but majority still reluctant

c. User still conscious about additional cost because of this service

d. Mostly do not know it and just use basic telephone services

Cellular telephone

3. Is the following value added services available for cellular user: (Please select more than one)

a. Web browsing

b. SMS or other kind of text messaging

c. Basic features such as call forwarding, call waiting and voice mail.

d. Caller ID identification

4. How is the acceptance of customer on those services:

a. Users are creative and demanding more of the features

b. Advanced user are using it but majority still reluctant

c. User still conscious about additional cost because of this service

d. Mostly do not know it and just use basic telephone services

Cable TV or satellite TV

1. Is cable TV or satellite TV available in these places: (Please select more than one)

a. International hotel chains

b. Local hotels

c. Apartment and housing complex

d. Residential  

III.2. Internet

6. Which of these service offering are available from ISP: (Please select more than one)

a. Web hosting / design

b. Server and Managed IP connection

c. Broadband (ADSL, cable modem, satellite)

d. Dial up / leased line connection

7. Do customer use these services:

a. Users are creative and demanding more of the features

b. Advanced user are using it but majority still reluctant

c. User still conscious about additional cost because of this service

d. Mostly do not know it and just use basic services

8. Is there many local web site:

1. Local web site are drawing international interest and creates Internet traffic from overseas
2. Companies and personal web site are starting to appear
3. There are small number, mostly government, university or research institution
4. None  

9. E-commerce status:

1. Competition in fierce in e-commerce and generate significant impact on GDP
2. Widely accepted and become mandatory for companies to provide e-commerce
3. Security is still major issue; double check over phone or offline is common practice
4. None

III.3. Consumer protection

10. Are the following institution available in the country: (Please select more than one)  

1. Consumer watch providing information about product and channeling complaint to manufacturer of consumer goods
2. Consumer protection agency either NGO or government body
3. Survey agency running product rating based on polling from customer.
4. None  

11. Status of Consumer Protection Law:  

1. Enacted and enforced
2. Being drafted by government or still under parliamentary review
3. Initiative by NGO or customer protection agency but not formally enacted
4. None

IV. Penetration

IV.1. Consumer Protection Law

1. Does the government in your country concern about consumer protection?

1. Very supportive
2. Fairly supportive
3. Not too supportive
4. Not at all

2. What is the proportion of the people require consumer protection law compared to overall population?

1. More than 75 %.
2. Around 50 %
3. Less than 50 %
4. No.

3. Has the consumer protection law already implemented in your country?

1. Yes, very well implemented, including the sanction
2. Yes, partly implemented, without monitoring
3. Being discussed
4. No

4. Does the government in your country require consumer protection law to every ICT company, including sanction and punishment?

1. Yes, very well implemented, including the sanction
2. Yes, partly implemented, without monitoring
3. Being discussed
4. No

5. Is there any problem related to the implementation of consumer protection law?

1. Yes, very frequent
2. Yes, frequent
3. Yes, only few
4. No at all

IV.2. Welfare

6. How about public service in your country?

1. Very sufficient
2. Fairly sufficient
3. Below the demand
4. Not at all

7. Does the government in your country concern about providing and developing public infrastructure?

1. Yes, very concern
2. Yes, fairly concern
3. Yes, only few
4. Not at all

8. Do the average people in your country require improvement and development of better public infrastructure?

1. Yes, very demanding
2. Yes, demanding
3. Fairly satisfy
4. Don’t care

IV.3. Health expenditure

9. Does the government in your country concern about public health service?

1. Yes, very concern
2. Yes, fairly concern
3. Yes, only few
4. Not at all

10. Is public health service in your country sufficient to fulfill the requirement?

1. Very sufficient
2. Fairly sufficient
3. Below the demand
4. Not at all

11. Is the number of private-owned and operated hospital in your country sufficient?

1. Very sufficient
2. Fairly sufficient
3. Below the demand
4. Not at all

12. Do the average people in your country concern about health?

1. Yes, very concern
2. Yes, fairly concern
3. Yes, only few
4. Not at all

 IV.4. Foreign investment

13. Is the level of foreign investment in your country high enough compared to the level of overall investments?

1. Very high
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

14. Does the government in your country concern to attract foreign investment?

1. Yes, very concern
2. Yes, fairly concern
3. Yes, only few
4. Not at all

15. Is the investment climate in your country attractive enough to attract foreign investment?

1. Yes, very attractive
2. Yes, fairly attractive
3. Yes, only few
4. Not at all

IV.5. Lifestyle

16. How big is the proportion of ICT users in your country compared to overall population?

1. Very big
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

17. How big is the average demand on ICT basic services?

1. Very big
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

18. How big is the average demand on ICT value added services?

1. Very big
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

 IV.6. Unemployment rate

19. How big is the proportion of unemployment in your country compared to overall population?

1. Very big
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

20. Is the skilled-unemployment rate in your country high enough compared to overall productive-age population?

1. Very high
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

21. Does the government in your country concern about unemployment?

1. Yes, very concern
2. Yes, fairly concern
3. Yes, only few
4. Not at all

IV.7. Urbanization

22. Is the urbanization rate in your country high enough?

1. Very high
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

23. Does the government in your country concern about development capability in rural areas to overcome urbanization problem?

1. Yes, very concern
2. Yes, fairly concern
3. Yes, only few
4. Not at all

 IV.8. Affordability

24. How much is the spending rate on ICT product/services in your country compared to overall average spending?

1. Very big
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

 V. Indigenization

V.1. Human Resources

1. What is the proportion of illiteracy compared to overall population in your country?

1. Very big
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

2. What is the proportion of basic-educated people compared to overall population in your country?

1. Very big
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

3. What is the proportion of high-educated people compared to overall population in your country?

1. Very big
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

4. What is the proportion of university-graduated people compared to overall population in your country?

1. Very big
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

V.2. Education

5. How big is the role of the government to support improvement of high education?

1. Very big
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

6. How big is the concern of the people in your country in term of high education?

1. Very big
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

7. How big is the concern of the industry sector of ICT in your country to support technical training and R&D?

1. Very big
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

B. E-Leadership

B.1. E-Government Readiness

1. Which of the following institution related with ICT exists in your country ? (please select all that applicable)

1. Ministry or similar rank institution
2. Inter-government institution coordinating agency
3. Government Task Force
4. Non-government organization

1. Does your government leader take proactive role in disseminating ICT among the people and establishing ICT strategy :

1. Yes, the leader is actively promoting and campaigning the importance of ICT to the national development
2. Yes, several senior officers are active in promoting ICT awareness among the government bodies.
3. No, ICT is not a main stream issue for the politicians and senior officers.
4. Not at all.

1. What is the status of e-government in your country ?

1. All government process has already been automated, integrated and available over the Internet
2. Several government agency provides services over the Internet but there no integration yet
3. Some agencies are automating the process and providing automated-internal services; however, none is available to the public
4. Planning for e-government has been formulated; however no actual implementation has been executed.

1. How popular is governmental-online-service for the citizens provided by government agencies?

1. All government agencies has already had online service over the Internet as well as toll-free number
2. Some government agencies have their own web sites, but they are not available yet for online services.
3. The government is planning to have a private network, connecting all regional, but no actual implementation has taken place.
4. Government considers it would be a difficult work to do, since only small portion of the citizen will take benefit from it.

B.2. Law and Order Readiness

6. Does the government endorse the protection on IPR and promote the IPR law ?

1. Yes, well implemented, including the punishment
2. Yes, partly implemented
3. Being discussed
4. No intention yet.

1. Does the government endorse the protection on patent and regulate the patent law ?

1. Yes, well implemented, including the punishment
2. Yes, partly implemented
3. Being discussed
4. No intention yet.

1. How is arbitrage law (a law for resolving any business disputes) in your country ? Is it transparent & equal enough for all investors?

1. Very transparent & providing equal treatment
2. Partly transparent & providing equal treatment
3. Transparent, but not equal
4. Not transparent & equal at all

1. The latest status of Consumer Protection Law in your country is :

1. Enacted and enforced
2. Being drafted by government or still under parliamentary review
3. nitiative by NGO or customer protection agency but not formally enacted
4. None

B.3. Education & Investment Climate

1. How active is the government’s role to provide ICT education program for government officers as well as to the citizens ?

1. Very active
2. Medium
3. Very low/almost nothing
4. No at all

1. Does the political stability in your country provide an appropriate environment for the foreign investors?

1. Yes, very supporting
2. Yes, fairly supporting
3. Yes, only few
4. Not at all

Scoring Method

The table below provide scoring guidance for each question and later how to aggregate them into each category. Some question is single selection which each answer will result in particular score. For these question, a equals 4 and d equals 1. The table will show single selection. Some questions are multiple selection where each selection add one to the score. The table will show multiple selection.

Guidance for table:

1. Single selection : a=4, b=3, c=2 and d=1
2. Multiple selection: each selection adds 1 to score, for example: selecting a, c and d equals score of 3.

1. Proximity  

1.1. Telecommunication infrastructure

Number	Type
1	Single
2	Multiple
3	Multiple
4	Single
5	Single
6	Single
7	Single
8	Single

1.2. Information Technology

Number	Type
9	Multiple
10	Single
11	Single
12	Single

2. Depth of Development  

Number	Type
1	Single
2	Single
3	Single
4	Single
5	Single
6	Single
7	Single
8	Single
9	Single
10	Single
11	Single
12	Single
13	Single
14	Single
15	Single
16	Single
17	Single
18	Single
19	Single
20	Single
21	Single
22	Single
23	Single
24	Single
25	Single
26	Single
27	Single
28	Single
29	Single
30	Single
31	Single

3. Sophistication of use

3.1. Telecommunication Infrastructure  

Number	Type
1	Multiple
2	Single
3	Multiple
4	Single
5	Multiple

3.2. Information Technology  

Number	Type
6	Multiple
7	Single
8	Single
9	Single

3.3. Consumer Protection  

Number	Type
10	Multiple
11	Single

4. Penetration

Number	Type
1	Single
2	Single
3	Single
4	Single
5	Single
6	Single
7	Single
8	Single
9	Single
10	Single
11	Single
12	Single
13	Single
14	Single
15	Single
16	Single
17	Single
18	Single
19	Single
20	Single
21	Single
22	Single
23	Single
24	Single

5. Indigenization

Number	Type
1	Single
2	Single
3	Single
4	Single
5	Single
6	Single
7	Single

B. E-Leadership

1. E-Government Readiness

Number	Type
1	Multiple
2	Single
3	Single
4	Single

Author Information

Name	:	Virano Gazi Nasution
Nationality	:	Indonesia
Education	:	Master of Science from Stanford University
Current position	:	President Director of PT. Ratelindo
Professional Experience	:	– Finance Director of PT. Ratelindo – Business Development Manager of PT. Bakrie Electronic Company
E-mail	:	nvn@ratelindo.co.id
Name	:	Aprita Primayuda
Nationality	:	Indonesia
Education	:	Electronic Engineer from Institut Teknologi Bandung
Current position	:	Deputy General Manager of Business Development Department of PT Ratelindo
Professional Experience	:	Deputy General Manager of Operation Department of PT Ratelindo
E-mail	:	prima@ratelindo.co.id
Name	:	Aristo Lystiono
Nationality	:	Indonesia
Education	:	Informatics Engineer from Institut Teknologi Bandung
Current position	:	Executive IT specialist of PT Ratelindo
Professional Experience	:	Manager IT operation of PT Ratelindo
E-mail	:	aristo@ratelindo.co.id
Name	:	Indarti Primora B Harahap
Nationality	:	Indonesia
Education	:	Master of Management from University of Indonesia Telecommunication Engineer from University of Indonesia
Current position	:	Senior Assistance of Corporate Secretary of PT Ratelindo
Professional Experience	:	Strategic Planning Supervisor of PT Ratelindo
E-mail	:	mora@ratelindo.co.id
Name	:	Medwi Swasono
Nationality	:	Indonesia
Education	:	Telecommunication Engineer of Institut Teknologi Bandung
Current position	:	Marketing & Business Manager
Professional Experience	:	Market & Finance analyst of PT. Ratelindo Senior Engineer of PT. Ratelindo
E-mail	:	medwi@ratelindo.co.id